ConstraintLayout

A layout manager using constraints to describe relations between widgets.

GtkConstraintLayout is a layout manager that uses relations between widget attributes, expressed via [class@Gtk.Constraint] instances, to measure and allocate widgets.

How do constraints work

Constraints are objects defining the relationship between attributes of a widget; you can read the description of the [class@Gtk.Constraint] class to have a more in depth definition.

By taking multiple constraints and applying them to the children of a widget using GtkConstraintLayout, it's possible to describe complex layout policies; each constraint applied to a child or to the parent widgets contributes to the full description of the layout, in terms of parameters for resolving the value of each attribute.

It is important to note that a layout is defined by the totality of constraints; removing a child, or a constraint, from an existing layout without changing the remaining constraints may result in an unstable or unsolvable layout.

Constraints have an implicit "reading order"; you should start describing each edge of each child, as well as their relationship with the parent container, from the top left (or top right, in RTL languages), horizontally first, and then vertically.

A constraint-based layout with too few constraints can become "unstable", that is: have more than one solution. The behavior of an unstable layout is undefined.

A constraint-based layout with conflicting constraints may be unsolvable, and lead to an unstable layout. You can use the [property@Gtk.Constraint:strength] property of [class@Gtk.Constraint] to "nudge" the layout towards a solution.

GtkConstraintLayout as GtkBuildable

GtkConstraintLayout implements the [iface@Gtk.Buildable] interface and has a custom "constraints" element which allows describing constraints in a [class@Gtk.Builder] UI file.

An example of a UI definition fragment specifying a constraint:

<object class="GtkConstraintLayout">
<constraints>
<constraint target="button" target-attribute="start"
relation="eq"
source="super" source-attribute="start"
constant="12"
strength="required" />
<constraint target="button" target-attribute="width"
relation="ge"
constant="250"
strength="strong" />
</constraints>
</object>

The definition above will add two constraints to the GtkConstraintLayout:

- a required constraint between the leading edge of "button" and the leading edge of the widget using the constraint layout, plus 12 pixels - a strong, constant constraint making the width of "button" greater than, or equal to 250 pixels

The "target" and "target-attribute" attributes are required.

The "source" and "source-attribute" attributes of the "constraint" element are optional; if they are not specified, the constraint is assumed to be a constant.

The "relation" attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be an equality.

The "strength" attribute is optional; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to be required.

The "source" and "target" attributes can be set to "super" to indicate that the constraint target is the widget using the GtkConstraintLayout.

There can be "constant" and "multiplier" attributes.

Additionally, the "constraints" element can also contain a description of the #GtkConstraintGuides used by the layout:

<constraints>
<guide min-width="100" max-width="500" name="hspace"/>
<guide min-height="64" nat-height="128" name="vspace" strength="strong"/>
</constraints>

The "guide" element has the following optional attributes:

- "min-width", "nat-width", and "max-width", describe the minimum, natural, and maximum width of the guide, respectively - "min-height", "nat-height", and "max-height", describe the minimum, natural, and maximum height of the guide, respectively - "strength" describes the strength of the constraint on the natural size of the guide; if not specified, the constraint is assumed to have a medium strength - "name" describes a name for the guide, useful when debugging

Using the Visual Format Language

Complex constraints can be described using a compact syntax called VFL, or *Visual Format Language*.

The Visual Format Language describes all the constraints on a row or column, typically starting from the leading edge towards the trailing one. Each element of the layout is composed by "views", which identify a [iface@Gtk.ConstraintTarget].

For instance:

[button]-[textField]

Describes a constraint that binds the trailing edge of "button" to the leading edge of "textField", leaving a default space between the two.

Using VFL is also possible to specify predicates that describe constraints on attributes like width and height:

// Width must be greater than, or equal to 50
[button(>=50)]

// Width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
[button1(==button2)]

The default orientation for a VFL description is horizontal, unless otherwise specified:

// horizontal orientation, default attribute: width
H:[button(>=150)]

// vertical orientation, default attribute: height
V:[button1(==button2)]

It's also possible to specify multiple predicates, as well as their strength:

// minimum width of button must be 150
// natural width of button can be 250
[button(>=150@required, ==250@medium)]

Finally, it's also possible to use simple arithmetic operators:

// width of button1 must be equal to width of button2
// divided by 2 plus 12
[button1(button2 / 2 + 12)]

Constructors

this
this(GtkConstraintLayout* gtkConstraintLayout, bool ownedRef)

Sets our main struct and passes it to the parent class.

this
this()

Creates a new GtkConstraintLayout layout manager.

Members

Functions

addConstraint
void addConstraint(Constraint constraint)

Adds a constraint to the layout manager.

addConstraintsFromDescriptionv
ListG addConstraintsFromDescriptionv(string[] lines, int hspacing, int vspacing, HashTable views)

Creates a list of constraints from a VFL description.

addGuide
void addGuide(ConstraintGuide guide)

Adds a guide to layout.

getConstraintLayoutStruct
GtkConstraintLayout* getConstraintLayoutStruct(bool transferOwnership)

Get the main Gtk struct

getStruct
void* getStruct()

the main Gtk struct as a void*

observeConstraints
ListModelIF observeConstraints()

Returns a GListModel to track the constraints that are part of the layout.

observeGuides
ListModelIF observeGuides()

Returns a GListModel to track the guides that are part of the layout.

removeAllConstraints
void removeAllConstraints()

Removes all constraints from the layout manager.

removeConstraint
void removeConstraint(Constraint constraint)

Removes constraint from the layout manager, so that it no longer influences the layout.

removeGuide
void removeGuide(ConstraintGuide guide)

Removes guide from the layout manager, so that it no longer influences the layout.

Mixins

__anonymous
mixin BuildableT!(GtkConstraintLayout)
Undocumented in source.

Static functions

getType
GType getType()

Variables

gtkConstraintLayout
GtkConstraintLayout* gtkConstraintLayout;

the main Gtk struct

Inherited Members

From LayoutManager

gtkLayoutManager
GtkLayoutManager* gtkLayoutManager;

the main Gtk struct

getLayoutManagerStruct
GtkLayoutManager* getLayoutManagerStruct(bool transferOwnership)

Get the main Gtk struct

getStruct
void* getStruct()

the main Gtk struct as a void*

getType
GType getType()
allocate
void allocate(Widget widget, int width, int height, int baseline)

Assigns the given @width, @height, and @baseline to a @widget, and computes the position and sizes of the children of the @widget using the layout management policy of @manager.

getLayoutChild
LayoutChild getLayoutChild(Widget child)

Retrieves a GtkLayoutChild instance for the GtkLayoutManager, creating one if necessary.

getRequestMode
GtkSizeRequestMode getRequestMode()

Retrieves the request mode of @manager.

getWidget
Widget getWidget()

Retrieves the GtkWidget using the given GtkLayoutManager.

layoutChanged
void layoutChanged()

Queues a resize on the GtkWidget using @manager, if any.

measure
void measure(Widget widget, GtkOrientation orientation, int forSize, int minimum, int natural, int minimumBaseline, int naturalBaseline)

Measures the size of the @widget using @manager, for the given @orientation and size.

From BuildableIF

getBuildableStruct
GtkBuildable* getBuildableStruct(bool transferOwnership)

Get the main Gtk struct

getStruct
void* getStruct()

the main Gtk struct as a void*

getType
GType getType()
getBuildableId
string getBuildableId()

Gets the ID of the @buildable object.

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