/*
 * Adapted to D by Antonio Monteiro
 */
/*
 * (c) Copyright 1993, 1994, Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for
 * any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice
 * and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that
 * the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. not be used in advertising
 * or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
 * written prior permission.
 *
 * THE MATERIAL EMBODIED ON THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS"
 * AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SILICON
 * GRAPHICS, INC.  BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANYONE ELSE FOR ANY DIRECT,
 * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
 * KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF USE, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR THE CLAIMS OF
 * THIRD PARTIES, WHETHER OR NOT SILICON GRAPHICS, INC.  HAS BEEN
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
 * ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * POSSESSION, USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * US Government Users Restricted Rights
 * Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to
 * restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227.19(c)(2) or subparagraph
 * (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software
 * clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor
 * clauses in the FAR or the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement.
 * Unpublished-- rights reserved under the copyright laws of the
 * United States.  Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics,
 * Inc., 2011 N.  Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94039-7311.
 *
 * OpenGL(TM) is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 */
/*
 * trackball.h
 * A virtual trackball implementation
 * Written by Gavin Bell for Silicon Graphics, November 1988.
 */

/*
 * This size should really be based on the distance from the center of
 * rotation to the point on the object underneath the mouse.  That
 * point would then track the mouse as closely as possible.  This is a
 * simple example, though, so that is left as an Exercise for the
 * Programmer.
 */

module TrackBall;

import std.math;

public:
const float TRACKBALLSIZE = 0.8;
const int RENORMCOUNT = 97;
 
/**
 * Pass the x and y coordinates of the last and current positions of
 * the mouse, scaled so they are from (-1.0 ... 1.0).
 *
 * The resulting rotation is returned as a quaternion rotation in the
 * first paramater.
 */
void
trackball(ref float q[4], float p1x, float p1y, float p2x, float p2y)
{
/*
 * Ok, simulate a track-ball.  Project the points onto the virtual
 * trackball, then figure out the axis of rotation, which is the cross
 * product of P1 P2 and O P1 (O is the center of the ball, 0,0,0)
 * Note:  This is a deformed trackball-- is a trackball in the center,
 * but is deformed into a hyperbolic sheet of rotation away from the
 * center.  This particular function was chosen after trying out
 * several variations.
 *
 * It is assumed that the arguments to this routine are in the range
 * (-1.0 ... 1.0)
 */
    float[3] a; /* Axis of rotation */
    float phi;  /* how much to rotate about axis */
    float[3] p1;
	float[3] p2;
	float[3] d;
    float t;

    if (p1x == p2x && p1y == p2y) {
        /* Zero rotation */
        vzero(q.ptr);
        q[3] = 1.0;
        return;
    }

    /*
     * First, figure out z-coordinates for projection of P1 and P2 to
     * deformed sphere
     */
    vset(p1,p1x,p1y,tb_project_to_sphere(TRACKBALLSIZE,p1x,p1y));
    vset(p2,p2x,p2y,tb_project_to_sphere(TRACKBALLSIZE,p2x,p2y));

    /*
     *  Now, we want the cross product of P1 and P2
     */
    vcross(p2.ptr,p1.ptr,a.ptr);

    /*
     *  Figure out how much to rotate around that axis.
     */
    vsub(p1,p2,d);
    t = vlength(d) / (2.0*TRACKBALLSIZE);

    /*
     * Avoid problems with out-of-control values...
     */
    if (t > 1.0) t = 1.0;
    if (t < -1.0) t = -1.0;
    phi = 2.0 * asin(t);//std.math.asin(t);

    axis_to_quat(a,phi,q);
}


/*
 * Given two quaternions, add them together to get a third quaternion.
 * Adding quaternions to get a compound rotation is analagous to adding
 * translations to get a compound translation.  When incrementally
 * adding rotations, the first argument here should be the new
 * rotation, the second and third the total rotation (which will be
 * over-written with the resulting new total rotation).
 */
void
add_quats(ref float[4] q1, ref float[4] q2, ref float[4] dest)
{
/*
 * Given two rotations, e1 and e2, expressed as quaternion rotations,
 * figure out the equivalent single rotation and stuff it into dest.
 *
 * This routine also normalizes the result every RENORMCOUNT times it is
 * called, to keep error from creeping in.
 *
 * NOTE: This routine is written so that q1 or q2 may be the same
 * as dest (or each other).
 */
    static int count=0;
    float[4] t1;
    float[4] t2;
    float[4] t3;
    float tf[4];

    vcopy(q1.ptr,t1.ptr);
    vscale(t1.ptr,q2[3]);

    vcopy(q2.ptr,t2.ptr);
    vscale(t2.ptr,q1[3]);

    vcross(q2.ptr,q1.ptr,t3.ptr);
    vadd(t1.ptr,t2.ptr,tf.ptr);
    vadd(t3.ptr,tf.ptr,tf.ptr);
    tf[3] = q1[3] * q2[3] - vdot(q1.ptr,q2.ptr);

    dest[0] = tf[0];
    dest[1] = tf[1];
    dest[2] = tf[2];
    dest[3] = tf[3];

    if (++count > RENORMCOUNT) {
        count = 0;
        normalize_quat(dest);
    }
}


/*
 * A useful function, builds a rotation matrix in Matrix based on
 * given quaternion.
 */
void
build_rotmatrix(ref float[4][4] m, ref float[4] q)
{
    m[0][0] = 1.0 - 2.0 * (q[1] * q[1] + q[2] * q[2]);
    m[0][1] = 2.0 * (q[0] * q[1] - q[2] * q[3]);
    m[0][2] = 2.0 * (q[2] * q[0] + q[1] * q[3]);
    m[0][3] = 0.0;

    m[1][0] = 2.0 * (q[0] * q[1] + q[2] * q[3]);
    m[1][1]= 1.0 - 2.0 * (q[2] * q[2] + q[0] * q[0]);
    m[1][2] = 2.0 * (q[1] * q[2] - q[0] * q[3]);
    m[1][3] = 0.0;

    m[2][0] = 2.0 * (q[2] * q[0] - q[1] * q[3]);
    m[2][1] = 2.0 * (q[1] * q[2] + q[0] * q[3]);
    m[2][2] = 1.0 - 2.0 * (q[1] * q[1] + q[0] * q[0]);
    m[2][3] = 0.0;

    m[3][0] = 0.0;
    m[3][1] = 0.0;
    m[3][2] = 0.0;
    m[3][3] = 1.0;
}


/*
 * This function computes a quaternion based on an axis (defined by
 * the given vector) and an angle about which to rotate.  The angle is
 * expressed in radians.  The result is put into the third argument.
 */
void
axis_to_quat(ref float[3] a, ref float phi, ref float[4] q)
{
    vnormal(a);
    vcopy(a.ptr,q.ptr);
    vscale(q.ptr,sin(phi/2.0));
    q[3] = cos(phi/2.0);
}

/*
 * Quaternions always obey:  a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 = 1.0
 * If they don't add up to 1.0, dividing by their magnitued will
 * renormalize them.
 *
 * Note: See the following for more information on quaternions:
 *
 * - Shoemake, K., Animating rotation with quaternion curves, Computer
 *   Graphics 19, No 3 (Proc. SIGGRAPH'85), 245-254, 1985.
 * - Pletinckx, D., Quaternion calculus as a basic tool in computer
 *   graphics, The Visual Computer 5, 2-13, 1989.
 */
static void
normalize_quat(ref float[4] q)
{
    int i;
    float mag;

    mag = (q[0]*q[0] + q[1]*q[1] + q[2]*q[2] + q[3]*q[3]);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) q[i] /= mag;
}

/*
 * Project an x,y pair onto a sphere of radius r OR a hyperbolic sheet
 * if we are away from the center of the sphere.
 */
static float
tb_project_to_sphere(float r, float x, float y)
{
    float d, t, z;

    d = sqrt(x*x + y*y);
    if (d < r * 0.70710678118654752440) {    /* Inside sphere */
        z = sqrt(r*r - d*d);
    } else {           /* On hyperbola */
        t = r / 1.41421356237309504880;
        z = t*t / d;
    }
    return z;
}

void
vzero(float* v)
{
    v[0] = 0.0;
    v[1] = 0.0;
    v[2] = 0.0;
}

void
vset(ref float[3] v, float x, float y, float z)
{
    v[0] = x;
    v[1] = y;
    v[2] = z;
}

void
vsub(ref float[3] src1, ref float[3] src2, ref float[3] dst)
{
    dst[0] = src1[0] - src2[0];
    dst[1] = src1[1] - src2[1];
    dst[2] = src1[2] - src2[2];
}

void
vcopy(float* v1, float* v2)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
        v2[i] = v1[i];
}

void
vcross(float* v1, float* v2, float* cross)
{
    float[3] temp;

    temp[0] = (v1[1] * v2[2]) - (v1[2] * v2[1]);
    temp[1] = (v1[2] * v2[0]) - (v1[0] * v2[2]);
    temp[2] = (v1[0] * v2[1]) - (v1[1] * v2[0]);
    vcopy(temp.ptr, cross);
}

float
vlength(ref float[3] v)
{
    return sqrt(v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1] + v[2] * v[2]);
}

void
vscale(float* v, float div)
{
    v[0] *= div;
    v[1] *= div;
    v[2] *= div;
}

void
vnormal(ref float[3] v)
{
    vscale(v.ptr,1.0/vlength(v));
}

float
vdot(float* v1, float* v2)
{
    return v1[0]*v2[0] + v1[1]*v2[1] + v1[2]*v2[2];
}

void
vadd(float* src1, float* src2, float* dst)
{
    dst[0] = src1[0] + src2[0];
    dst[1] = src1[1] + src2[1];
    dst[2] = src1[2] + src2[2];
}