Sets our main struct and passes it to the parent class
If threads are waiting for cond, all of them are unblocked. If no threads are waiting for cond, this function has no effect. It is good practice to lock the same mutex as the waiting threads while calling this function, though not required.
Frees the resources allocated to a GCond with g_cond_init(). This function should not be used with a GCond that has been statically allocated. Calling g_cond_clear() for a GCond on which threads are blocking leads to undefined behaviour. Since 2.32
Get the main Gtk struct
the main Gtk struct as a void*
Initialises a GCond so that it can be used. This function is useful to initialise a GCond that has been allocated as part of a larger structure. It is not necessary to initialise a GCond that has been statically allocated. To undo the effect of g_cond_init() when a GCond is no longer needed, use g_cond_clear(). Calling g_cond_init() on an already-initialised GCond leads to undefined behaviour. Since 2.32
If threads are waiting for cond, at least one of them is unblocked. If no threads are waiting for cond, this function has no effect. It is good practice to hold the same lock as the waiting thread while calling this function, though not required.
Warning g_cond_timed_wait has been deprecated since version 2.32 and should not be used in newly-written code. Use g_cond_wait_until() instead. Waits until this thread is woken up on cond, but not longer than until the time specified by abs_time. The mutex is unlocked before falling asleep and locked again before resuming. If abs_time is NULL, g_cond_timed_wait() acts like g_cond_wait(). This function can be used even if g_thread_init() has not yet been called, and, in that case, will immediately return TRUE. To easily calculate abs_time a combination of g_get_current_time() and g_time_val_add() can be used.
Atomically releases mutex and waits until cond is signalled. When this function returns, mutex is locked again and owned by the calling thread. When using condition variables, it is possible that a spurious wakeup may occur (ie: g_cond_wait() returns even though g_cond_signal() was not called). It's also possible that a stolen wakeup may occur. This is when g_cond_signal() is called, but another thread acquires mutex before this thread and modifies the state of the program in such a way that when g_cond_wait() is able to return, the expected condition is no longer met. For this reason, g_cond_wait() must always be used in a loop. See the documentation for GCond for a complete example.
Waits until either cond is signalled or end_time has passed. As with g_cond_wait() it is possible that a spurious or stolen wakeup could occur. For that reason, waiting on a condition variable should always be in a loop, based on an explicitly-checked predicate. TRUE is returned if the condition variable was signalled (or in the case of a spurious wakeup). FALSE is returned if end_time has passed. The following code shows how to correctly perform a timed wait on a condition variable (extended the example presented in the Since 2.32
the main Gtk struct
Threads act almost like processes, but unlike processes all threads of one process share the same memory. This is good, as it provides easy communication between the involved threads via this shared memory, and it is bad, because strange things (so called "Heisenbugs") might happen if the program is not carefully designed. In particular, due to the concurrent nature of threads, no assumptions on the order of execution of code running in different threads can be made, unless order is explicitly forced by the programmer through synchronization primitives.
The aim of the thread-related functions in GLib is to provide a portable means for writing multi-threaded software. There are primitives for mutexes to protect the access to portions of memory (GMutex, GRecMutex and GRWLock). There is a facility to use individual bits for locks (g_bit_lock()). There are primitives for condition variables to allow synchronization of threads (GCond). There are primitives for thread-private data - data that every thread has a private instance of (GPrivate). There are facilities for one-time initialization (GOnce, g_once_init_enter()). Finally, there are primitives to create and manage threads (GThread).
The GLib threading system used to be initialized with g_thread_init(). This is no longer necessary. Since version 2.32, the GLib threading system is automatically initialized at the start of your program, and all thread-creation functions and synchronization primitives are available right away.
Note that it is not safe to assume that your program has no threads even if you don't call g_thread_new() yourself. GLib and GIO can and will create threads for their own purposes in some cases, such as when using g_unix_signal_source_new() or when using GDBus.
Originally, UNIX did not have threads, and therefore some traditional UNIX APIs are problematic in threaded programs. Some notable examples are
C library functions that return data in statically allocated buffers, such as strtok() or strerror(). For many of these, there are thread-safe variants with a _r suffix, or you can look at corresponding GLib APIs (like g_strsplit() or g_strerror()).
setenv() and unsetenv() manipulate the process environment in a not thread-safe way, and may interfere with getenv() calls in other threads. Note that getenv() calls may be “hidden” behind other APIs. For example, GNU gettext() calls getenv() under the covers. In general, it is best to treat the environment as readonly. If you absolutely have to modify the environment, do it early in main(), when no other threads are around yet.
setlocale() changes the locale for the entire process, affecting all threads. Temporary changes to the locale are often made to change the behavior of string scanning or formatting functions like scanf() or printf(). GLib offers a number of string APIs (like g_ascii_formatd() or g_ascii_strtod()) that can often be used as an alternative. Or you can use the uselocale() function to change the locale only for the current thread.
fork() only takes the calling thread into the child's copy of the process image. If other threads were executing in critical sections they could have left mutexes locked which could easily cause deadlocks in the new child. For this reason, you should call exit() or exec() as soon as possible in the child and only make signal-safe library calls before that.
daemon() uses fork() in a way contrary to what is described above. It should not be used with GLib programs.
GLib itself is internally completely thread-safe (all global data is automatically locked), but individual data structure instances are not automatically locked for performance reasons. For example, you must coordinate accesses to the same GHashTable from multiple threads. The two notable exceptions from this rule are GMainLoop and GAsyncQueue, which are thread-safe and need no further application-level locking to be accessed from multiple threads. Most refcounting functions such as g_object_ref() are also thread-safe.